Definition of Leakage Leakage: Leakage is when data that should be confidential or private is released to unauthorized individuals. What are the impacts of Leakage? The impacts of data leakage can be far-reaching and very damaging for individuals and organizations alike. Leaked data may include personal information, such as names, addresses, phone numbers, financial details…
Definition of Latin Hypercube Sampling Latin Hypercube Sampling: Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) is a method for constructing a point sample from a probability distribution. The most common use case for LHS is in Monte Carlo simulations, where the goal is to approximate the distribution of a function by taking repeated samples from it. In order…
Definition of Latent Variable Latent Variable: Latent Variable: In statistics, a latent variable is a hypothetical construct that explains the observed variability in a set of measured variables. Latent variables are unobservable or hidden variables that cannot be directly measured, but rather must be inferred from other observed variables. How is a Latent Variable used?…
Definition of Latent Dirichlet Allocation Latent Dirichlet Allocation: Latent class analysis (LCA) is a technique used in statistics and data mining for the analysis of categorical data. LCA is a type of cluster analysis that seeks to identify a finite number of unobserved classes (clusters) within a population. The detected classes are latent, meaning they…
Definition of Latent Class Analysis Latent Class Analysis: A technique used to identify unobserved (latent) classes within a population. How is a Latent Class Analysis used? Latent Class Analysis (LCA) is a statistical technique used to identify latent classes within data sets. These latent classes are clusters of data points with similar characteristics, which can…
Definition of LASSO Lasso: A type of regression where the researcher deliberately chooses a subset of the independent variables for inclusion in the model. It is also known as the “Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator”, or “LASSO” for short. How is LASSO used? LASSO, or Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator, is an algorithm…
Definition of Laplace Approximation Laplace Approximation: The Laplace approximation is a method used in mathematics to approximate the value of a function. It is named after the mathematician Pierre-Simon Laplace, who first proposed it in 1774. The approximation is based on the assumption that the function is smooth, which means that it can be approximated…
Definition of Labeling Labeling: Labelling is the process of attaching a label, or name, to a particular instance of data. This can be done manually, or through automated means. Labels can be used to help identify and group data, as well as to track changes over time. How is Labeling used? Labeling is an important…
Definition of Kurtosis Kurtosis: A measure of the peakedness or flatness of a distribution, Kurtosis is determined by calculating the fourth moment of the distribution about its mean. Distributions with high kurtosis are more peaked than those with low kurtosis, while distributions with low kurtosis are more spread out. How is Kurtosis used? Kurtosis is…
Definition of Kolmogorov-Smirnov Statistic Kolmogorov-Smirnov Statistic: The Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic is a measure of the difference between two distributions. It is used to determine whether the two distributions are statistically different from each other. How is Kolmogorov-Smirnov Statistic used? The Kolmogorov-Smirnov Statistic (K-S Test) is a nonparametric test used to compare the distributions of two samples….